ISO

Amazinga aphesheya kanye nezinye izincwadi

Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-ISO yizindinganiso zomhlaba jikelele. I-ISO iphinde ishicilele imibiko yezobuchwepheshe, imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe, imininingwane etholakala esidlangalaleni, i-technical corrigenda, kanye nemihlahlandlela.

Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke

Lokhu kukhethwe kusetshenziswa ifomethi I-ISO [/ IEC] [/ ASTM] [IS] nnnnn [-p]: [yyyy] Isihloko, lapho ngnnnn inombolo yenombolo, p iyinombolo engakhethwa, yyyy unyaka okushicilelwe ngawo, futhi Isihloko ichaza indatshana. IEC ngoba I-International Electrotechnical Commission ifakiwe uma imiphumela ejwayelekile ivela emsebenzini we-ISO / IEC JTC1 (I-ISO / IEC Joint Committee Committee). ASTM (I-American Society for Testing and Equipment) isetshenziselwa amabanga athuthukiswe ngokubambisana ne-ASTM International. yyyy futhi IS azisetshenziselwe indinganiso engaphelele noma engashicilelwe futhi kungenzeka kwezinye izimo zishiywe ngaphandle kwesihloko somsebenzi oshicilelwe.

Imibiko yezobuchwepheshe

Lokhu kukhishwa lapho ikomidi lobuchwepheshe noma ikomidi elincane liqoqe imininingwane yohlobo oluhlukile kuleyo evame ukushicilelwa njenge-International Standard, njengezinkomba nezincazelo. Imihlangano yokuqamba amagama yalezi ziyefana namazinga, ngaphandle TR okulungiselelwe esikhundleni se IS egameni lombiko.
Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-ISO / IEC TR 17799: I-2000 Code of Practice for Management Security Management
• I-ISO / TR 19033: 2000 Imibhalo yomkhiqizo wezobuchwepheshe - iMetadata yemibhalo yokwakha

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe nokutholakalayo emphakathini

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kungakhiqizwa lapho “isihloko okukhulunywa ngaso sisathuthukiswa noma lapho nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu kukhona ikusasa kepha kungeke kube khona ngokushesha kwesivumelwano sokushicilela iZinga Lamazwe Ngamazwe”. Ukucaciswa okutholakala esidlangalaleni kuvamise ukuba “ukucaciswa okuphakathi, okushicilelwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwe-International Standard ephelele, noma, ku-IEC kungaba yincwadi 'enophawu lwamalogo amabili' eshicilelwe ngokubambisana nenhlangano yangaphandle”. Ngomhlangano, zombili izinhlobo zokucaciswa zithiwa ngendlela efana nemibiko yezobuchwepheshe yenhlangano.
Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-ISO / TS 16952-1: 2006 Imibhalo yomkhiqizo wezobuchwepheshe - Uhlelo lokuqanjwa kwezithenjwa - Ingxenye 1: Imithetho yokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile
• I-ISO / PAS 11154: 2006 Izimoto zomgwaqo - Izithwali zemithwalo ye Roof

Ubuchwepheshe corrigenda

I-ISO futhi kwesinye isikhathi ikhipha i- "technical corrigenda" (lapho i- “corrigenda” is the plural of corrigendum). Lezi izichibiyelo ezenziwe kumazinga akhona ngenxa yamaphutha amancane obuchwepheshe, ukuthuthuka kokusebenziseka, noma izandiso zokusebenzisa ezinomkhawulo. Ngokuvamile zinikezwa ngethemba lokuthi izinga elithintekile lizobuyekezwa noma lihoxiswe ekubuyekezweni kwalo okuhleliwe okulandelayo.

Imihlahlandlela ye-ISO

Lawa ngamazinga we-meta ahlanganisa "izindaba eziphathelene nokuhlelwa kwamazwe omhlaba". Babizwa ngamagama besebenzisa ifomethi Umhlahlandlela we-ISO [/ IEC] N: yyyy: Isihloko ”.
Ngokwesibonelo:

• ISO / IEC Umhlahlandlela 2: 2004 Ukuma okujwayelekile kanye nemisebenzi ehlobene - Silulumagama Jikelele
• ISO / IEC Umhlahlandlela 65: 1996 Izidingo ezijwayelekile zezindikimba ezisebenza ngomkhiqizo

Izinga elishicilelwe yi-ISO / IEC yisigaba sokugcina senqubo ende evame ukuqala ngesiphakamiso somsebenzi omusha ekomitini. Nazi ezinye izifinyezo ezisetshenziselwa ukumaka indinganiso enesimo sayo:

• I-PWI - Into Yokuqala Yomsebenzi
• I-NP noma i-NWIP - Isiphakamiso esisha / Isiphakamiso esisha sezinto zomsebenzi (isib. ISO / IEC NP 23007)
• I-AWI - Itemende Yomsebenzi entsha ivunyelwe (isib. ISO / IEC AWI 15444-14)
• I-WD - Uhlaka Olusebenzayo (isib. ISO / IEC WD 27032)
• I-CD - Okusalungiswa kwekomidi (isib. ISO / IEC CD 23000-5)
• I-FCD - Uhlaka lweKomidi lokugcina (isib. ISO / IEC FCD 23000-12)
• I-D - International Okusalungiswa International (isib. ISO / IEC Dis 14297)
• I-FDIS - I-Final Draft International standard (isib. ISO / IEC FDIS 27003)
• I-PRF - Ubufakazi be-International Standard entsha (isib. ISO / IEC PRF 18018)
• IS - I-International Standard (isib. ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007)

Izichasiso ezisetshenziselwe ukuchibiyela:

• I-NP Amd - Isichibiyelo Esisha esisha (isib. ISO / IEC 15444-2: 2004 / NP Amd 3)
• I-AWI Amd - Kuvunyelwe ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-Item Itemment (isib. ISO / IEC 14492: 2001 / AWI Amd 4)
• I-WD Amd - Ukusebenza Kwezichibiyelo Ezisebenzayo (isib. ISO 11092: 1993 / WD Amd 1)
• I-CD Amd / PDAmd - Ukuchitshiyelwa Kwamakomidi / Ukuchitshelwa Okusalungiswa (isib. ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / CD Amd 6)
• I-FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) - Ukuchibiyelwa kokugcina kokuchitshiyelwa / kokulungiswa okusalungiswa (isib. ISO / IEC 14496-14: 2003 / FPDAmd 1)
• I-FDAM (FDAmd) - Ukuguqulwa Okusalungiswa kokugcina (isib. ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / FDAmd 4)
• I-PRF Amd - (isib. ISO 12639: 2004 / PRF Amd 1)
• I-Amd - Ukuchibiyela (isib. ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / Amd 1: 2007)

Ezinye izifinyezo:

• TR - Umbiko wezobuchwepheshe (isib. ISO / IEC TR 19791: 2006)
• I-DTR - Umbiko Oyingxenye Wezobuchwepheshe (isib. ISO / IEC DTR 19791)
• I-TS - Ukucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe (isib. ISO / TS 16949: 2009)
• I-DTS - Ukucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Okusalungiswa (isib. ISO / DTS 11602-1)
• I-PAS - Ukucaciswa Okutholakalayo
• I-TTA - I-Technology Trends Test (isib. ISO / TTA 1: 1994)
• IWA - Isivumelwano Semisebenzi Yomhlaba Wonke (isib. IWA 1: 2005)
• I-Cor - I-Corrigendum yezobuchwepheshe (isib. ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / Kor 1: 2008)
• Umhlahlandlela - umhlahlandlela wamakomidi wezobuchwepheshe lapho kulungiswa amazinga

Amazinga Womhlaba Wonke athuthukiswa ngamakomidi ezobuchwepheshe e-ISO (TC) nangamakomidi amancane (SC) ngenqubo enezinyathelo eziyisithupha:

• Isigaba 1: Isigaba sokuphakanyiswa
• Isigaba 2: Isigaba sokulungiselela
• Isigaba 3: Isigaba seKomidi
• Isigaba 4: Isigaba sokubuza
• Isigaba 5: Isigaba sokuvunywa
• Isigaba 6: Isigaba sokushicilela

I-TC / SC ingasetha amaqembu asebenzayo (WG) ochwepheshe belungiselela okusalungiswa okusebenzayo. Amakomidi amancane angaba namaqembu ambalwa asebenzayo, angaba namaqembu amancane ama-Sub (SG).

Kungenzeka ushiye izigaba ezithile, uma kunombhalo onezinga elithile lokuvuthwa ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi yokumisa imigomo, ngokwesibonelo indinganiso eyenziwe enye inhlangano. Imiyalo ye-ISO / IEC ivumela futhi lokho okubizwa nge- "inqubo esheshayo". Kule nqubo kufakwa idokhumenti ngqo ukuze ivunywe njenge-Draft International Standard (i-DIS) ezinhlakeni zamalungu e-ISO noma njengohlaka lokugcina lwe-International Standard (i-FDIS) uma idokhumende yenziwe ngumgwamanda wokulinganisa wamazwe omhlaba owaziwa nguMkhandlu we-ISO.

Isinyathelo sokuqala-isiphakamiso somsebenzi (Isiphakamiso Esisha) samukelwa ekomidini elincane elifanele noma ekomidini lobuchwepheshe (isib. I-SC29 ne-JTC1 ngokulandelana esimweni se-Moving Picture Experts Group - i-ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11). Iqembu elisebenzayo (WG) lochwepheshe lisungulwa yi-TC / SC yokulungiselela okusalungiswa okusebenzayo. Lapho ubukhulu bomsebenzi omusha bucaciswa ngokwanele, amanye amaqembu asebenzayo (isb., I-MPEG) ngokuvamile enza isicelo esivulekile seziphakamiso — esaziwa ngokuthi “ukubizela iziphakamiso”. Idokhumenti yokuqala ekhiqizwa ngokwesibonelo yamazinga wokufaka amakhodi alalelwayo nevidiyo ibizwa ngokuthi imodeli yokuqinisekisa (i-VM) (phambilini ebibizwa nangokuthi "imodeli yokulingisa neyokuhlola"). Lapho ukuzethemba okwanele ekuzinzileni kwezinga elisetshenziswayo kufinyelelwa, kwenziwa uhlaka olusebenzayo (WD). Lokhu kusezingeni elijwayelekile kepha kugcinwa ngaphakathi eqenjini elisebenzayo lokubuyekezwa. Lapho uhlaka olusebenzayo luqinile ngokwanele futhi iqembu elisebenzayo linelisekile ukuthi selithole isisombululo esihle kunazo zonke kwezobuchwepheshe enkingeni esetshenziswayo, iba uhlaka lwekomidi (CD). Uma kudingeka, bese kuthunyelwa kumalungu e-P e-TC / SC (imizimba kazwelonke) ukuze avote.

I-CD iba yisinqumo sekomidi lokugcina (i-FCD) uma inani lamavoti akhombisayo lingaphezulu kwekhoramu. Okusalungiswa kwekomidi okulandelanayo kungabhekwa kuze kube kufinyelelwa esivumelwaneni ngokuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe. Uma ufinyelelwa, umbhalo uyaphothulwa ukulethwa njengohlaka lwe-International Standard (DIS). Umbhalo bese uhanjiswa ezinhlakeni zikazwelonke ukuze uvote futhi ubeke amazwana kungakapheli izinyanga ezinhlanu. Kuvunyelwe ukulethwa njengohlaka lokugcina lweZinga Lamazwe Ngamazwe (i-FDIS) uma iningi lamathathu lamalungu e-P e-TC / SC livuna futhi hhayi ngaphezu kwekota eyodwa yenani lamavoti afakiwe alibi. I-ISO izobe seyibamba ivoti neNational Bodies lapho kungekho zinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe ezivunyelwe (yebo / cha ukuvota), kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili. Iyamukelwa njengeZinga Lamazwe Ngamazwe (i-IS) uma iningi lamalungu amabili e-P e-TC / SC livuna futhi okungekho ngaphezu kwekota eyodwa yenani lamavoti wonke afakiwe alibi. Ngemuva kokuvunywa, kufakwa kuphela izinguquko zokuhlela ezincane embhalweni wokugcina. Umbhalo wokugcina uthunyelwa kwi-ISO Central Secretariat, ewushicilela njenge-International Standard.