I-ICSC

by Ubunjiniyela beDelta / NgoLwesihlanu, i-25 March 2016 / Ishicilelwe ku AmaZinga

Amakhadi Wokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Womhlaba (I-ICSC) angamashidi edatha ahlose ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yezokuphepha neyempilo kumakhemikhali ngendlela ecacile necacile. Inhloso eyinhloko yamaKhadi ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngokuphepha kwamakhemikhali emsebenzini futhi abasebenzisi abaphambili okuhlongozwayo ngakho-ke bayizisebenzi nalabo ababhekele ezokuphepha nempilo emsebenzini. Iphrojekthi ye-ICSC ingumbambiswano ohlanganyelwe phakathi kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO) kanye ne-International Labour Organisation (ILO) ngokubambisana ne-European Commission (EC). Le projekthi yaqala ngawo-1980s ngenhloso yokuqamba umkhiqizo wokusabalalisa ulwazi oluyingozi lwamakhemikhali endaweni yokusebenza ngendlela eqondakalayo nenembayo.

Amakhadi alungiswa ngesiNgisi yizikhungo ezibamba iqhaza ze-ICSC futhi kubuyekezwa ontanga emihlanganweni yamakhwela ngaphambi kokuba yenziwe emphakathini. Ngemuva kwalokho, izikhungo zikazwelonke zihumusha amaKhadi asuka esiNgisini alifunde ezilimini zawo zomdabu kanti lawa makhadi ahunyushiwe nawo ashicilelwa kwiWebhu. Iqoqo lesiNgisi le-ICSC yinguqulo yasekuqaleni. Kuze kube manje amakhadi acishe abe ngu-1700 ayatholakala ngesiNgisi ngefomethi ye-HTML neye-PDF. Izinguqulo ezihunyushiwe zamaKhadi zikhona ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene: isiShayina, isiDashi, isiFinland, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiHungary, isiNtaliyane, isiJalimane, isiPolish, iSpanish nezinye.

Inhloso yephrojekthi ye-ICSC ukwenza imininingwane ebalulekile yezempilo nokuphepha kumakhemikhali itholakale kubabukeli abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokusebenza. Le phrojekthi ihlose ukuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono indlela yokulungiswa kwamakhadi esiNgisi kanye nokwandisa inani lezinhlobo ezihunyushiwe ezitholakalayo; ngakho-ke, yemukela ukwesekelwa kwezikhungo ezingeziwe ezingakwazi ukufaka isandla hhayi kuphela kulungiselelo lwe-ICSC kodwa nasenqubo yokuhumusha.

Ifomethi

Amakhadi e-ICSC alandela ifomethi ehleliwe eyenzelwe ukunikeza isethulo esingaguquguquki solwazi, futhi inele ukugqama ngokwanele ukuze kunyatheliswe ezinhlangothini ezimbili zeshidi lephepha elihlanganisiwe, ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuvumela ukusetshenziswa okulula emsebenzini.

Imisho ejwayelekile nefomethi engaguquki esetshenziswe ku-ICSC isiza ukulungiswa kanye nokuhunyushwa ngosizo olususelwa kwikhompyutha kulawo Makhadi.

Ukukhonjwa kwamakhemikhali

Ukukhonjwa kwamakhemikhali kumakhadi kuncike ezinombolweni ze-UN, i- Isevisi yamakhemikhali ((CAS) inombolo kanye neRegistry yePools of Regency Chemicals (Ama-RTECS/I-NIOSH) izinombolo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalezo zinhlelo ezintathu kuqinisekisa indlela engenakuphikiswa yokuthola izinto zamakhemikhali ezithintekayo, kubhekiswa njengoba kwenza ezinombolweni ezinikeza izinombolo zezinto zokuhamba, amakhemikhali nempilo yasemsebenzini.

Iphrojekthi ye-ICSC ayihloselwe ukukhiqiza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali. Kwenza ukuthi kubhekwe ngezigaba ezikhona. Isibonelo, Amakhadi akhomba imiphumela yezinqumo zeKomiti Yezazi ye-UN Yezokuhamba Kwezimpahla Eziyingozi maqondana nokuhamba: ukwahlukaniswa kwezinhlekelele ze-UN neqembu lokufaka le-UN, lapho likhona, kufakwa Amakhadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ICSC aklanyelwe ukuthi lelo gumbi ligodliwe ukuze amazwe angenise imininingwane yokufaneleka kwezwe.

Ukulungiselela

Ukulungiswa kwe-ICSC inqubo eqhubekayo yokubhalwa phansi kanye nokubuyekezwa kontanga yiqembu lososayensi abasebenzela izikhungo eziningi zesayensi ezikhethekile ezithinta ezempilo nokuphepha emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Amakhemikhali akhethelwa i-ICSC entsha ngokususelwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokukhathazeka (umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, izehlakalo zezinkinga zezempilo, izakhiwo zobungozi obukhulu). Amakhemikhali angahlongozwa amazwe noma amaqembu abathintekayo afana nezinyunyana zabasebenzi.

Abakwa-ICSC babhalwa ngesiNgisi yizikhungo ezibambe iqhaza ngokususelwa kwimininingwane etholakala esidlangalaleni, babuye bahlolwe yithimba eligcwele labachwepheshe emihlanganweni yebandla ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale emphakathini. Amakhadi akhona avuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngenqubo efanayo yokubhalwa kanye nokubuyekezwa kontanga, ikakhulukazi lapho kutholakala imininingwane ebalulekile ebalulekile.

Ngale ndlela abantu ababalelwa ku-50 kuye ku-100 i-ICSC entsha futhi ebuyekeziwe iyatholakala unyaka nonyaka futhi ukuqoqwa kwamakhadi atholakalayo kukhule kusuka kumakhulu ambalwa ngonyaka we-1980 kuze kube ngaphezulu kwama-1700 namuhla.

Imvelo enegunya

Inqubo yokubuyekezwa kontanga yamazwe omhlaba eyalandelwa lapho kulungiswa i-ICSC iqinisekisa ubunjalo bamaKhadi futhi inempahla ebalulekile ye-ICSC ngokungafani namanye amaphakethe emininingwane.

Abakwa-ICSC abanaso isimo sezomthetho futhi kungenzeka bangahlangabezani nazo zonke izidingo ezifakiwe emthethweni kazwelonke. Amakhadi kufanele afezekise noma yiliphi iShidi Ledatha le-Chemical Safety kodwa alikwazi ukubambelela kunoma yisiphi isibopho esingokomthetho kumenzi noma umqashi ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane yokuphepha ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi i-ICSC ingaba ngumthombo oyinhloko wolwazi olutholakala kubo bobabili abaphathi nabasebenzi emazweni athuthukile noma kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi.

Sekukonke, imininingwane enikezwe amaCards ihambisana neSangano se-ILO Chemicals Convention (No. 170) neSincomo (No. 177), 1990; I-European Union Council Directive 98/24 / EC; kanye nenqubo ye-United Nations Global Harmonized System of Classization and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

Isistimu Yomhlaba Ehlanganisiwe Emhlabeni Wonke Yohlelo Nokwahlukanisa Kwamakhemikhali (GHS)

I-Globalbally Harmonized System of Classization and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) manje isisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlukaniseni nasekubhaleni amakhemikhali emhlabeni jikelele. Enye yezinhloso zokwethula i-GHS bekukwenzela ukuthi kube lula ngabasebenzisi ukubona izingozi zamakhemikhali emsebenzini ngendlela engaguquki.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-GHS kufakiwe ku-ICSC okusha futhi okuvuselelwa kusukela ngo-2006 kanti izindlela zolimi nezobuchwepheshe ezingaphansi kwemisho ejwayelekile esetshenziswe kuma-Cards zakhiwe ukubonisa intuthuko eqhubekayo kwi-GHS ukuqinisekisa izindlela ezingaguquki. Ukungezelelwa kokuhlukaniswa kwe-GHS ku-ICSC kuqashelwe yikomidi elifanele leZizwe Ezihlangene njengomnikelo wokusiza amazwe ukwenza i-GHS, futhi njengendlela yokwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-GHS kwamakhemikhali kutholakale kubalaleli abaningi.

Amashidi Wedatha Yezokuphepha (i-MSDS)

Ukufana okukhulu kukhona phakathi kwezihloko ezahlukahlukene ze-ICSC kanye nabakhiqizi be-'Setat Data Sheet (SDS) noma i-Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ye-International Council of Chemical Associations.

Kodwa-ke, i-MSDS ne-ICSC azifani. I-MSDS, ezimweni eziningi, ingahle ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi inwebeke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni phansi kwesitolo, futhi okwesibili ingumbhalo wokuphatha. I-ICSC, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibeka imininingwane ebukezwe ontanga ngezinto ngezinto ngendlela emfushane futhi elula.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-ICSC kufanele ithathe isikhundla se-MSDS; akukho okungathatha isikhundla somthwalo wabaphathi wokuxhumana nabasebenzi ngamakhemikhali ngqo, ubunjalo balawo makhemikhali asetshenziswa ezitolo kanye nobungozi obubangelwa kunoma iyiphi indawo yokusebenza.

Ngempela, i-ICSC kanye ne-MSDS nazo zingacatshangwa njengezilinganiselayo. Uma izindlela ezimbili zokuxhumana okuyingozi zingahlanganiswa, khona-ke inani lolwazi elizoqhamuka kummeli wokuphepha noma abasebenzi esitezi sezitolo lizophindeka kabili.