I-CSA
The Iqembu le-CSA (phambilini ICanada Standards Association; I-CSA), yinhlangano yezindinganiso ezingenzi-nzuzo ekhulisa amazinga ezindaweni ezingama-57. I-CSA ishicilela amazinga ngezindlela zokuphrinta nezama-elekthronikhi futhi inikezela ngezinsizakalo zokuqeqesha nezokweluleka. I-CSA yakhiwa ngabamele abaqhamuka embonini, ohulumeni kanye namaqembu abathengi.
I-CSA yaqala njengeCanadaan Engineering Standards Association (CESA) ngonyaka ka-1919, ihlinzekwa ngokuhlanganyela ekudaleni amazinga. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, ukuntuleka kokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinsizakusebenza zobuchwepheshe kwaholela ekukhungathekeni, ekulimaleni nasekufeni. IBrithani icele ukuthi iCanada yakhe ikomidi lezindinganiso.
I-CSA ivunyelwe nguMkhandlu wamaZinga aseCanada, okuyinhlangano yomqhele ekhuthaza ukuma okuhle nokusebenzayo eCanada. Lokhu kugunyazwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-CSA inekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yokuthuthukiswa kwamazinga nokwenziwa kwezitifiketi, futhi isuselwa kwinqubo nezinqubo ezamukelwa emhlabeni jikelele.
Umaki obhalisiwe weCSA ukhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlolwe ngokuzimela futhi waqinisekiswa ukuze uhlangabezane namazinga ahlonishwayo okuphepha noma okusebenza.
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| Isifinyezo | I-CSA |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1919 |
| Uhlobo | Akuyona inzuzo |
| Injongo | Inhlangano yamazinga |
| Indlunkulu | I-Ontario L4W 5N6 Canada |
| izixhumanisi | I-43.649442 ° N 79.607721 ° W |
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Isifunda sisebenze
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ICanada, i-USA, i-Asia, i-Europe |
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UMongameli ne-CEO
|
David Weinstein |
| Iwebhusayithi | www.bizama.org |
Umlando
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, ukuntuleka kokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinsizakusebenza zobuchwepheshe kwaholela ekukhungathekeni, ekulimaleni nasekufeni. IBrithani icele ukuthi iCanada yakhe ikomidi lezindinganiso.
USir John Kennedy njengosihlalo we-Civil Engineers 'Canadian Advisory Committee uhole uphenyo ngesidingo senhlangano ezimele yase Canada. Ngenxa yalokho, i- ICanadaan Standards Association (CESA) yasungulwa ngo-1919. I-CESA yahlelwa ngokwezimali ukuze yakhe amazinga. Ekuqaleni, babenakekela izidingo ezithile: izingxenye zezindiza, amabhuloho, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, umsebenzi kagesi nentambo yocingo. Izindinganiso zokuqala ezakhishwa yiCESA ezenzelwe amabhuloho kaloliwe wensimbi, ngonyaka ka 1920.
Ngo-1927, i-CESA yashicilela i-Canadian Electrical Code, idokhumende esathengiswa kakhulu yi-CSA. Ukuphoqelela ikhodi ebiza ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo, kwathi ngo-1933, iHydro-Electric Power Commission yase-Ontario yaba ukuphela komthombo wokuhlolwa ezweni lonke. Ngo-1940, iCESA yathatha umthwalo wokuhlola nokuqinisekisa imikhiqizo kagesi eyenzelwe ukuthengiswa nokufakwa eCanada. I-CESA yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yiCanada Standards Association (CSA) ngo-1944. Uphawu lwesitifiketi lwethulwa ngo-1946.
Ngo-1950s, i-CSA yasungula ukusebenzisana kwamazwe omhlaba eBrithani, eJapan naseNetherlands, ukuze kwandiswe ubukhulu bayo ekuhlolweni nasekuqinisekisweni kwezitifiketi. Ama-labs wokuhlola anwetshwa kusuka kwelokuqala lawo eToronto, labs eMontreal, Vancouver, naseWinnipeg.
Ngeminyaka yo-1960s, i-CSA yathuthukisa amazinga kazwelonke okusebenza nokuphepha kanye nokuphepha, yakha amazinga wezicoco zezicucwana zezokuphepha nezokuphepha. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960s nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, i-CSA yaqala ukwandisa ukubandakanyeka kwayo ezindinganisweni zabathengi, kufaka phakathi amabhayisekili, amakhadi wesikweletu, nokupakishwa kwezingane kwezidakamizwa. Ngo-1984, i-CSA yasungula i-QMI, i-Quality Management Institute yokubhaliswa kwe-ISO9000 namanye amazinga. Ngo-1999, i-CSA International yasungulwa ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlola umkhiqizo kanye nezitifiketi zomhlaba wonke ngenkathi i-CSA igudluza ukugxila kwayo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqeqesheni amazinga. Ngo-2001, lezi zingxenye ezintathu zahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwegama Iqembu le-CSA. Ngo-2004, i-OnSpeX yethulwa njengengxenye yesine yeCSA Group. Ngo-2008, i-QMI yathengiselwa iSAI-Global ngama- $ 40 ezigidi. Ngo-2009, i-CSA yathenga iSIRA.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga
I-CSA ikhona ukuthuthukisa amazinga. Phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene ezingamashumi ayisihlanu nesikhombisa okukhona kuzo ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu, ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi nokuphepha kanye nezinga lokusebenza, kufaka phakathi lokho okokusebenza kukagesi kanye ne-elekthronikhi, imishini yezimboni, amabhulukwe nemikhumbi yengcindezelo, imishini yokuphatha igesi ephethekile, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinto zokwakha.
Izindinganiso eziningi zenziwa ngokuzithandela, okusho ukuthi ayikho imithetho edinga ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukunamathela ezindinganisweni kuyasiza ezinkampanini ngoba kukhombisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlolwe ngokuzimela ukuze ihlangabezane namazinga athile. Umaki we-CSA wuphawu lokubhaliswa kwesitifiketi, futhi lungasetshenziswa kuphela ngumuntu onelayisense noma ogunyazwe ngenye indlela yi-CSA.
I-CSA yathuthukisa uchungechunge lwe-CAN / CSA Z299 yochungechunge lwamazinga wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, esisasebenza nanamuhla. Ziyindlela ehlukile kuchungechunge lwe-ISO 9000 lwamazinga ekhwalithi.
Imithetho nemithethonqubo komasipala abaningi, ezifundazweni nasezifundazweni eziseNyakatho Melika kudinga ukuthi imikhiqizo ethile ihlolwe ezingeni elithile noma eqenjini lamazinga yiLebhu Yolwazi Lokuhlola Oluhlonishwayo Kuzwelonke (i-NRTL). Njengamanje amaphesenti angamashumi amane azo zonke izindinganiso ezikhishwe yi-CSA akhonjisiwe emthethweni waseCanada. Inkampani engudadewabo we-CSA i-CSA International iyi-NRTL abakhiqizi abangayikhetha, imvamisa ngoba umthetho wegunya uyayidinga, noma ikhasimende liyicacisa.